:meta-keywords: CUBRID bitwise operator, cubrid bit_and, cubrid bit_or, cubrid bit_xor, cubrid bit_count
:meta-description: A Bitwise operator performs operations in bits, and can be used in arithmetic operations.

:tocdepth: 3

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BIT Functions and Operators
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.. contents::

Bitwise Operator
================

A **Bitwise** operator performs operations in bits, and can be used in arithmetic operations. An integer type is specified as the operand and the **BIT** type cannot be specified. An integer of **BIGINT** type (64-bit integer) is returned as a result of the operation. If one or more operands are **NULL**, **NULL** is returned.

The following table shows the bitwise operators supported by CUBRID.

**The bitwise operators**

+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| Bitwise operator     | Description                                                                                                                                    | Expression     | Return Value   |
+======================+================================================================================================================================================+================+================+
| &                    | Performs AND operation in bits and returns a BIGINT integer.                                                                                   | 17 & 3         | 1              |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| \|                   | Performs OR operation in bits and returns a BIGINT integer.                                                                                    | 17 \| 3        | 19             |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| ^                    | Performs XOR operation in bits and returns a BIGINT integer.                                                                                   | 17 ^ 3         | 18             |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| ~                    | A unary operator. It performs complementary operation that reverses (INVERT) the bit order of the operand and returns a BIGINT integer.        | ~17            | -18            |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| <<                   | Performs the operation to shift bits of the left operand as far to the left as the value of the right operand, and returns a BIGINT integer.   | 17 << 3        | 136            |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+----------------+
| >>                   | Performs the operation to shift bits of the left operand as far to the right as the value of the right operand, and returns a BIGINT integer.  | 17 >> 3        | 2              |
+----------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+----------------+

BIT_AND
=======

.. function:: BIT_AND (expr)

    As an aggregate function, it performs **AND** operations in bits on every bit of *expr*. The return value is a **BIGINT** type. If there is no row that satisfies the expression, **NULL** is returned. 

    :param expr: An expression of integer type
    :rtype: BIGINT

.. code-block:: sql

    CREATE TABLE bit_tbl(id int);
    INSERT INTO bit_tbl VALUES (1), (2), (3), (4), (5);
    SELECT 1&3&5, BIT_AND(id) FROM bit_tbl WHERE id in(1,3,5);

::

         1&3&5           bit_and(id)
    ============================================
             1                     1    

BIT_OR
======

.. function:: BIT_OR (expr)

    As an aggregate function, it performs **OR** operations in bits on every bit of *expr*. The return value is a **BIGINT** type. If there is no row that satisfies the expression, **NULL** is returned. 

    :param expr: An expression of integer type
    :rtype: BIGINT

.. code-block:: sql

    SELECT 1|3|5, BIT_OR(id) FROM bit_tbl WHERE id in(1,3,5);

::

         1|3|5            bit_or(id)
    ============================================
              7                     7

BIT_XOR
=======

.. function:: BIT_XOR (expr)

    As an aggregate function, it performs **XOR** operations in bits on every bit of *expr*. The return value is a **BIGINT** type. If there is no row that satisfies the expression, **NULL** is returned.

    :param expr: An expression of integer type
    :rtype: BIGINT

.. code-block:: sql

    SELECT 1^2^3, BIT_XOR(id) FROM bit_tbl WHERE id in(1,3,5);

::

         1^3^5            bit_xor(id)
    ============================================
              7                     7

BIT_COUNT
=========

.. function:: BIT_COUNT (expr)

    The **BIT_COUNT** function returns the number of bits of *expr* that have been set to 1; it is not an aggregate function. The return value is a **BIGINT** type.

    :param expr: An expression of integer type
    :rtype: BIGINT

.. code-block:: sql

    SELECT BIT_COUNT(id) FROM bit_tbl WHERE id in(1,3,5);

::

       bit_count(id)
    ================
           1
           2
           2